بِسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمـٰنِ الرَّحيمِ إِنّا أَنزَلناهُ في لَيلَةِ القَدرِ

BEHOLD, from on high have We bestowed this [divine writ] on Night of Destiny.¹

1. 1.  Or: "of Almightiness" or "of Majesty" - thus describing the night on which the Prophet received his first revelation (see introductory note to the preceding surah). On the basis of several Traditions it may be assumed that it was one of the last ten nights - probably the twenty-seventh - of the month of Ramadan, thirteen years before the Prophet's emigration to Medina.

وَما أَدراكَ ما لَيلَةُ القَدرِ

And what could make thee conceive what it is, that Night of Destiny?

لَيلَةُ القَدرِ خَيرٌ مِن أَلفِ شَهرٍ

The Night of Destiny is better than a thousand months:²

1. 2.  Sc., "in which there was no similar night" (Razi).

تَنَزَّلُ المَلائِكَةُ وَالرّوحُ فيها بِإِذنِ رَبِّهِم مِن كُلِّ أَمرٍ

in hosts descend in it the angels,³ bearing divine inspiration⁴ by their Sustainer's leave; from all [evil] that may happen

1. 3.  The grammatical form tanazzalu implies repetition, frequency or multitude; hence - as suggested by Ibn Kathir - "descending in hosts".
2. 4.  Lit., "and [divine] inspiration". For this rendering of ruh, see first sentence of 16:2 and the corresponding note 2. The present instance is undoubtedly the earliest example of the Qur'anic use of this term in the sense of "divine inspiration".

سَلامٌ هِيَ حَتّىٰ مَطلَعِ الفَجرِ

does it make secure,⁵ until the rise of dawn.

1. 5.  Lit., "it is salvation (salam, see surah 5, note 29) - i.e., it makes the believer secure from all spiritual evil: thus Mujahid (as quoted by Ibn Kathir), evidently implying that a conscious realization of the sanctity of this night acts as a shield against unworthy thoughts and inclinations.