بِسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمـٰنِ الرَّحيمِ إِذَا السَّماءُ انشَقَّت

WHEN THE SKY is split asunder,¹

1. 1.  I.e., at the coming of the Last Hour and the beginning of a new reality, both in fact and in man's perception.

وَأَذِنَت لِرَبِّها وَحُقَّت

obeying its Sustainer, as in truth it must;

وَإِذَا الأَرضُ مُدَّت

and when the earth is leveled,²

1. 2.  See 20:105.

وَأَلقَت ما فيها وَتَخَلَّت

and casts forth whatever is in it, and becomes utterly void,³

1. 3.  I.e., loses all its reality.

وَأَذِنَت لِرَبِّها وَحُقَّت

obeying its Sustainer, as in truth it must -:

يا أَيُّهَا الإِنسانُ إِنَّكَ كادِحٌ إِلىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدحًا فَمُلاقيهِ

[then,] O man - thou [that] hast, verily, been toiling towards thy Sustainer in painful toil⁴ - then shalt thou meet Him!

1. 4.  An allusion to the fact that in man's earthly life - irrespective of whether one is consciously aware of it or not - sorrow, pain, drudgery and worry by far outweigh the rare moments of true happiness and satisfaction. Thus, the human condition is described as "painful toiling towards the Sustainer" - i.e., towards the moment when one meets Him on resurrection.

فَأَمّا مَن أوتِيَ كِتابَهُ بِيَمينِهِ

And as for him whose record shall be placed in his right hand,⁷

1. 7.  At first glance, this seems to contrast with 69:25, where it is stated that the record of the unrighteous "shall be placed in his left hand". In reality, however; the present formulation alludes to the sinner's horror at his record, and his wish that he had never been shown it (69:25): in other words, his not wanting to see it is symbolized by its appearance "behind his back".

فَسَوفَ يُحاسَبُ حِسابًا يَسيرًا

he will in time be called to account with an easy accounting,

وَيَنقَلِبُ إِلىٰ أَهلِهِ مَسرورًا

and will [be able to] turn joyfully to those of his own kind.⁶

1. 6.  Lit., "his people" - i.e., those who, like him, were righteous in life.

وَأَمّا مَن أوتِيَ كِتابَهُ وَراءَ ظَهرِهِ

But as for him whose record shall be given to him behind his back;*

فَسَوفَ يَدعو ثُبورًا

he will in time pray for utter destruction:

وَيَصلىٰ سَعيرًا

but he will enter the blazing flame.

إِنَّهُ كانَ في أَهلِهِ مَسرورًا

Behold, [in his earthly life] he lived joyfully among people of his own kind⁸

1. 8.  Lit., "his people" - i.e., people of the same sinful inclinations. (Cf. note 14 on 75:33.)

إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَن لَن يَحورَ

for, behold, he never thought that he would have to return [to God].

بَلىٰ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كانَ بِهِ بَصيرًا

Yea indeed! His Sustainer did see all that was in him!

فَلا أُقسِمُ بِالشَّفَقِ

BUT NAY! I call to witness the sunset's [fleeting] afterglow,

وَاللَّيلِ وَما وَسَقَ

and the night, and what it [step by step] unfolds,

وَالقَمَرِ إِذَا اتَّسَقَ

and the moon, as it grows to its fullness:⁹

1. 9.  Thus God "calls to witness" the fact that nothing in His creation is ever at a standstill, since everything moves unceasingly from one state of being into another, at every moment changing its aspect and its condition: a phenomenon aptly described by the Greek philosopher Heraclitus by the phrase panta rhei ("everything is in flux").

لَتَركَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَن طَبَقٍ

[even thus, O men,] are you bound to move; onward from stage to stage.¹⁰

1. 10. Or: "from one state to another state" (Zamakhshari): i.e., in an unceasing progression - conception, birth, growth, decline, death and, finally, resurrection.

فَما لَهُم لا يُؤمِنونَ

What, then, is amiss with them that they will not believe [in a life to come]?¹¹

1. 11. Since the inexorable movement of all that exists from stage to stage or from one condition into another corresponds to a fundamental law evident in all creation, it is unreasonable to assume that man alone should be an exception, and that his onward movement should cease at the moment of his bodily death, not to be followed by a change-over into another state of being.

وَإِذا قُرِئَ عَلَيهِمُ القُرآنُ لا يَسجُدونَ ۩

and [that], when the Qur'an is read unto them, they do not fall down in prostration?¹²

1. 12. I.e., seeing how consistently it stresses the divine law of unceasing change and progression in all that exists.

بَلِ الَّذينَ كَفَروا يُكَذِّبونَ

Nay, but they who are bent on denying the truth give the lie [to this divine writ]!

وَاللَّهُ أَعلَمُ بِما يوعونَ

Yet God has full knowledge of what they conceal [in their hearts].¹³

1. 13. Namely, their unwillingness to admit their responsibility to a Supreme Being.

فَبَشِّرهُم بِعَذابٍ أَليمٍ

Hence, give them the tiding of grievous suffering [in the life to come] –

إِلَّا الَّذينَ آمَنوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ لَهُم أَجرٌ غَيرُ مَمنونٍ

unless it be such [of them] as [repent, and] attain to faith, and do good works: for theirs shall be a reward unending!.